The structural problem is wider than any single failure. Briefs arrive incomplete. Supply chains leak money. Standard measurement methods routinely overstate what advertising contributes. Budget allocation has drifted away from what the long-term effectiveness research consistently shows. Marketing decisions are increasingly made inside platforms the buyer does not control, and reported in metrics that do not connect cleanly to the way finance assesses any other line on the P&L. There are more.
None of this requires bad intent. It is how the marketing services industry has developed. Each part of it operates exactly as its commercial model rewards it for operating. The cumulative effect is that most boards are making significant spending decisions without an independent view of what the spend is producing.
The buyer is the CEO or the CFO. The CEO carries overall accountability for whether the marketing investment is producing what it should. The CFO carries the financial scrutiny — and finds, often, that marketing is the largest discretionary line on the P&L where the connection between input and output is hardest to verify, reported in metrics that do not connect cleanly to the way finance assesses any other part of the business.